Economics Research Guide: eBooks

The book investigates the intricate world of entrepreneurship, examining its dual nature as a force for constructive societal change as well as a potential source of destructive consequences. To examine these two facets in detail, the book scrutinizes the interplay between individual actions and institutional frameworks, showing how entrepreneurship can drive economic and social progress or hinder it through rent-seeking behaviors and exploitation of institutional gaps.

This book offers a deep-dive analysis of the period of globalization from the late 1980s to the present through the lens of long wave theory. It traces how the end of the Cold War transformed the base of the global economy, doubling the working-class producing profits, and its superstructure, reestablishing US monopolar dominance. It explores how the 'hyper-globalization' of the period up to 2008 has transitioned into a new long wave of de-globalization, stagnation and multi-polar conflict. The book focuses particularly on the looming and actual wars - in trade, tech, and military terms -intertwined with world economics as the twenty-first century progresses.

Innovation is critical to increasing global prosperity and is also essential to surviving and overcoming the ongoing challenges of pandemics, wars, climate change and systemic financial turmoil. At the same time, major corporations seek to transform new knowledge and scientific progress into profitable innovations and to increase their influence over society. But if, as these firms claim, this tremendous innovativeness has a positive long-term effect on our lives, who ultimately pays the price for this development?

This book gives an in-depth and up-to-date insight into China's economy from a domestic as well an international perspective. The book covers the reform trajectory and performance of China's economy since Deng Xiaoping kicked-off the reform and opening-up policy in 1978 until the current challenges and economic policies under Xi Jinping including the integration in the world economy. The analysis is based on empirical evidence and respective data. This enables the reader to take an unprejudiced look on China's political economy.

Why would a politically centralized state embark on the path of economic decentralization? This Element delves into the political origin of the puzzling economic decentralization in mainland China. The authors contend that the intra-elite conflicts between the authoritarian ruler and the ruling elites within the state prompted the ruler to pursue decentralization as a strategy to curb the influence wielded by the ruling elites. By examining the composition of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee, they find that the Cultural Revolution, fueled by elite conflicts, shifted the elite selectorate's composition from favoring central agencies to favoring local interests.

Circularity is one of the most promising innovative business models for tackling the challenges posed by climate protection, resource conservation and biodiversity conservation. Circularity requires changed business structures; therefore, it is necessary to adapt existing approaches and reconcile economic and ecological interests. By focusing on the importance of horizontal integration and cross-company cooperation, this book offers valuable insights to help companies generate cross-industry synergy and symbiosis effects and secure competitive advantages along sustainable supply chains.

Economists dream of equilibrium. It's time to wake up. In mainstream economics, markets are ideal if competition is perfect. When supply balances demand, economic maturity is orderly and disturbed only by shocks. These ideas are rooted in doctrines going back thousands of years yet, as James K. Galbraith and Jing Chen show, they contradict the foundations of our scientific understanding of the physical and biological worlds. Entropy Economics discards the conventions of equilibrium and presents a new basis for thinking about economic issues, one rooted in life processes--an unequal world of unceasing change in which boundaries, plans, and regulations are essential.

A unified framework for understanding monetary policy, including recent unprecedented interventions by central banks. Over the past two decades, monetary policy has been deployed in unprecedented ways, as central banks attempted to mitigate the adverse consequences of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the COVID-19 global lockdown, and recent inflationary surges. In Monetary Economics and Policy, Pierpaolo Benigno offers a new way to understand the potency and effectiveness of monetary policy, presenting a unified modeling framework to analyze policy challenges posed by both paper and digital currency systems.

Neoclassical economics is heavily based on a formalistic method, primarily centred on mathematical deduction. Consequently, mainstream economists became overfocused on describing the states of an economy rather than understanding the processes driving these states. However, many phenomena arise from the intricate interactions among diverse elements, eluding explanation solely through micro-level rules. Such systems, characterised by emergent properties arising from interactions, are defined as complex. This Element delves into the complexity approach, portraying the economy as an evolving system undergoing structural changes over time.

This book aims to shed new light on the puzzle of the late Soviet conversion to the "market" and capitalism by revisiting the history of Soviet reform economics. Using a variety of sources, including interviews with economists, archival files, and published materials, it examines the social contexts in which economists employed in economic administration and research institutions could have played a crucial public and political role, the forms of their participation, and the social and political logic behind the selection of economic experts and their rise to power during perestroika and the "transition" period.

This book highlights the efforts made to realize the concept of 'Circular Bioeconomy'. It has twelve chapters focussed on five sections, namely Biomaterials, Environment, Energy, Pharmaceutical and Enzyme Technology. It portrays research, linking 'Circular Bioeconomy' to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The concept of 'Circular Economy', including 'Circular Bioeconomy', aims to shift the current, essentially linear economic system to a more sustainable one.

This book is an in-depth examination of the inner workings, origins, and future trajectory of digital currencies. It presents an analytical overview of the technologies underpinning cryptocurrencies and explores their development from a technical, economic, and regulatory standpoint. Readers will gain an understanding of the philosophical debates surrounding digital currencies, including the varying degrees of decentralization and the challenges cryptocurrencies face for widespread adoption as public payment methods.

It is widely known that - at least in current societies - culture depends on money. Less attention has been given to the contrary fact: money also depends on culture. In its very foundation - negotiations, values, exchanges, debts and obligations, contracts and laws - money's functioning is tied to cultural practices, institutions, identities, and meanings. This interdisciplinary anthology scrutinizes the two-way connection between culture and money, and its implications for economic theory.

This book offers a fresh perspective on development economics, specifically tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities facing developing economies. Drawing on the historical experiences of now-developed nations, it explores how emerging economies, particularly in Africa, can finance their development, reduce reliance on external aid, modernise infrastructure, and alleviate poverty. The book emphasizes the crucial interplay between development economics and finance, advocating for a synergistic approach to achieve efficient and effective growth.

Capitalism is often held to be the best of all possible worlds, or even the only possible world, in which the market is underpinned by the highest principles of rationality, efficiency, and compatibility with democracy. These truths are backed up by economists, a group who present themselves as impartial experts capable of operating independently of ideology or political intrusion. This book questions these “scientific truths”. It discusses the ideological foundations of neoliberalism and the value judgements, often kept implicit, in economic theory.

This monograph is designed to provide a comprehensive and accessible reference to Net Zero efforts globally. Firstly, the book explains the basics of Net Zero, Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG), and the global climate change struggle. A chapter on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), as standardisation and screening of sustainability follows. Next comes a chapter on carbon pricing and carbon tax. After these background chapters, the book continues with eight chapters that cover Net Zero across a variety of economic sectors: energy supply, business sector, transport, residential, industrial processes, waste management, public (and government), and agriculture, forestry and land use.

This book provides unique insight into the economic and humanitarian challenges facing Lebanon following the Syrian refugee crisis. It examines the drivers of GDP fluctuation, unemployment, inflation, and trade upheavals that have defined the economic condition in Lebanon over recent years and details the responses to the refugee crisis both within Lebanon and within the international community. The ways in which the refugee crisis has fundamentally changed the Lebanese economy are outlined, with a particular focus on unemployment and labour market dynamics.

The standard economic theory, despite its many advantages, has a significant weakness: it is only of limited applicability to the economic reality of practice. Therefore, the book presents a new economic theory that is completely oriented towards the reality of economic practice. In this new theory, human beings are not just actors but constitute the central element from which the theory and everything else derive: work, production, consumption, demand, supply, exchange, trade, markets, stock exchanges, money, state economics, and global economics with all their complexities.

Covers mathematical topics that are essential for economic analysis in a concise but rigorous fashion. The book covers selected topics such as linear algebra, real analysis, convex analysis, constrained optimization, dynamic programming, and numerical analysis in a single volume. The book is entirely self-contained, and almost all propositions are proved. Features Replete with exercises and illuminating examples Suitable as a primary text for an advanced undergraduate or postgraduate course on mathematics for economics Basic linear algebra and real analysis are the only prerequisites.

The implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs or SDGs) is often discussed in terms of governmental policy or the contributions by global, multinational organisations, but what role does the informal economy have to play in SDG implementation? The chapters collected here by a range of scholars explore this question in detail; exploring the ideas, interventions and challenges faced by the informal sector in contributing to the SDGs. With a wide range of chapters encompassing diverse topics such as food security, financial inclusion, waste management, gender disparity, and the impact of digital transformation.

This edited volume celebrates  a quarter-century's anniversary of the foundation of the Japan Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE) and proposes the future perspectives of evolutionary economics on the grounds of its achievements in Japan. When JAFEE was founded in 1997, hundreds of ambitious non-neo-classical economists gathered in this forum to advance new directions of economic research.

This book addresses the impact and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most challenging public health risks to human wellbeing, on the economic activities and behaviors of Middle Eastern countries during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. It provides detailed examination of how the global and Middle Eastern economies incurred significant financial and economic damages, human losses, and hundreds of millions of people losing their jobs.

This book seeks to understand how the economic construction of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) evolved, shaped by the formulation and execution of various economic management systems spanning the years 1949 to 2023, in response to numerous challenges faced by the country. Split into four chapters, Park charts the developmental phases of the DPRK economy under Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and current leader Kim Jung Un. He carefully cross-examines sources from within the DPRK.

In arid and semi-arid regions, where water demand exceeds water availability, water security is becoming a significant concern not only related to water availability but also to rigorous and costly requirements to remove conventional and emerging contaminants from effluents discharging into drinking water sources or as water reuse becomes an alternate water supply for communities in these regions. Water and wastewater treatment demands a great amount of energy and resources, highlighting the need for novel applications of the circular economy concept. This book examines knowledge gaps, avenues of future research, and challenges related to the potential of enhanced underutilized/waste materials as a transition to circular economy applications for ensuring the proper quality of water.

Our use or rather overuse of natural resources is having an increasingly drastic and adverse effect on the environment. Behavioural economics uses the concepts and elements of psychology and applies them in economic decision-making. It has been identified that behavioural economics can be used to tackle the issue of climate change by using 'nudges' to influence people to make choices that are more eco-friendly. Behavioural economics also accept the presence of cognitive biases in the decision-making process, and one solution to reduce the biases is instigating 'nudges' that increase the probability of making optimal decisions.

The Economics of Russia's War in Ukraine provides a thorough analysis of the Russo-Ukrainian war, tracing its historical roots and exploring its multifaceted dimensions. This book emphasizes economic, geopolitical, and humanitarian impacts, highlighting Ukraine's resilience amid challenges.

This book bridges the gap between theoretical and empirical understandings of the informal sector to provide insight into the role of the informal sector within the development process. By analysing three economic sectors, it sets out a framework for analysing urbanisation, rural-urban migration, agriculture- industry relationship, income inequality, structural change, employment, and optimal growth.

Both Keynes's General Theory and orthodox economics seek to understand how competitive markets work, but they diverge sharply with respect to the nature and properties of the competitive equilibrium. The reason, as Keynes himself pointed out, is that the General Theory recognises that the future consequences of current decisions are fundamentally uncertain which, contra the orthodox view, radically affects decision-making and the functioning of markets. This book approaches macroeconomics on the basis of the General Theory.

This book analyzes consumption patterns in Asian countries that are at different stages of economic development and highlights the similarities and disparities of consumption patterns across countries using a system-wide framework. In a departure from previous studies in the literature which mainly present only single-country analysis, this book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of cross-country consumption patterns considering several Asian countries, using the most recent consumption expenditure data for aggregate commodity groups.

This book is about Saudi Arabia's efforts to overhaul its economy and the numerous prospects and challenges it faces in doing so. As one of the world's leading oil producers, the outcomes of the most ambitious wave of reforms Saudi Arabia has ever undertaken will provide valuable lessons not only for the kingdom itself but also for other oil-dependent and resource-based economies. Since 2016, Saudi Arabia has embarked on an unparalleled economic - if not social and political - transformation project with an ultimate aim of diversifying away from oil.

This book discusses the requirements and preconditions for transforming the economy in order to achieve defined goals while maintaining and utilizing the efficiency of markets. It shows how economic concepts and practices need to be reconsidered and revised in the face of enormous ecological damage and significant economic inequality across much of the world. The book systematizes essential ecological and social targets and presents factors influencing Economic Transformation. Various transformation concepts are discussed with regard to their contribution to adequate economic design and corresponding options for action are developed. Businesses, private households, the state and the commons are involved in these reflections, but also supranational institutions and (civil) society.

Why do policymakers allow economies to settle into a "new normal" after a bad break in the economy rather than try to return the economy to its previous trend? In this book, economist Harrison C. Hartman discusses some of the variables that impact a nation's ability to recover from negative aggregate demand shocks. Spanning total real GDP, per capita real GDP, and nonfarm payroll employment in the USA, the book emphasizes the role of aggregate demand shocks in causing the US economy to fail to return to trend.

In this book, Nagy K. Hanna offers a holistic framework that economists and policymakers can use to examine and drive digital transformation. The book offers detailed analyses into development policies, and organizational processes governing digital transformation learning and practice and highlights the reforms needed in countries and aid agencies to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The author offers insight to help reform major aid agencies within the economic development space. The resulting text reimagines the future of development economics. 

This edited volume brings together contributions from multiple experts in academia to explore the practical implications of the Net Zero Economy for corporate social responsibility and sustainable value creation in today's world. As the world approaches net-zero emissions by 2050, it is crucial for businesses to take corporate social responsibility seriously and make credible attempts to achieve sustainable value creation while reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.

This book discusses the role played by powerful global institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank, the World Trade Organisation, multinational corporations, and the international credit rating agencies in keeping Africa marginalised in the world economy. The book focuses on the intrusive roles of these institutions as enablers and beneficiaries of capital outflows and financial subordination in Africa.

This book addresses the implementation of monetary policy (MP) and focuses on the operations used by the central banks to implement their policies: the so-called operational framework of MP. The operational framework has become of paramount importance in the last fifteen years, due to the profound transformations taking place in this period. The financial crisis, started in August 2007, has rapidly changed the way in which MP is implemented around the world.

This book offers an introduction to quantum technology that is specifically tailored to economists, students of economics, and professionals in the financial and payments industries. The book reviews quantum speedups that have been identified for algorithms used to solve and estimate economic models, including function approximation, linear systems analysis, graphical modeling, Monte Carlo simulation, matrix inversion, principal component analysis, linear regression, dynamic programming, interpolation, numerical differentiation, and true random number generation.

This book, a bestseller in China with over a million copies sold, depicts the role played by the Chinese government in China's economic development. It explains how the Chinese government has gradually established and improved market mechanisms while promoting economic growth. The book particularly points out that the Chinese government not only governs the economy through policy guidance but also directly participates in the process of urbanization and industrialization as part of the market.

Industrial workers in Ukraine have a complex political lifeworld because their political action aimed at bringing radical social change coexists with a demobilizing stance that condemns all political participation as corrupt. This contradictory attitude to politics defines the character of populist mass mobilizations that shook Ukraine in 2004 and 2014, as well as the electoral overhaul of 2019 and the popular response to the Russian invasion in 2022. Based on three years of fieldwork in the city of Kryvyi Rih, the book focuses on the moral economy that constitutes the working class and structures its relations with other social groups.

This book demonstrates the relevance of the historical perspective with respect to national and international payment systems. Its analysis of national and international payments develops along a dialectical path that starts with the work of the Classics (thesis), undergoes a radical turn with the advent of the neoclassical school (antithesis), and reaches the modern theory of emissions passing through Keynes's contribution (synthesis).

This book provides a detailed structured analysis of the transition that has taken place in the Indian economy since independence to the present times (including the period of COVID-19 pandemic). Analysing objectives, achievements and failure of planning, the book discusses the crisis in the late 1980s, followed by economic reforms - structural changes and stabilization policies implemented along with regional variation on the development pattern across states. The book also examines policies of distribution, poverty, inequality, and unemployment, reform measures in major sectors, namely, banking or financial sector in general, tax or fiscal policy, external or trade and exchange rate policy.

This book provides an insightful and original perspective on the work and legacy of John Maynard Keynes. It explores his work as an economist, world system planner, and social philosopher to highlight the different ways he influenced economics, economic policy, and the global political economy. Particularly attention is given to the development of the ideas which led up to The General Theory, his role as a planner and negotiator within international organizations, his work on the development of the post-war UK system, his debates with British Economists.

Understanding the complex interplay between economic ideologies, political systems, and international relations is more critical than ever. The legacy of the Cold War still lingers, shaping the global stage in myriad ways. The ideological divide between capitalism and communism, democracy and authoritarianism, has left a lasting mark on our political and economic landscapes. However, as the world continues to evolve, traditional definitions and assumptions about these ideologies have begun to blur, creating a pressing need for fresh perspectives.

The United States and China are each actively pursuing development of a Blue Economy to promote greater marine, maritime, and naval capabilities through moreinnovative,sustainable and environmentally friendly means. This book examines China's approach to developing a Blue Economy, compares China's efforts to developments in the United States, analyses prospects for cooperation, and competition, and outlines strategic implications arising from China's linkage of the Blue Economy development concept to its Maritime Silk Road initiative

This book reviews China's strategic pathway over the last 1000 years and considers its prospects for ascending to high-income status by the end of the 21st century. It analyzes why, although China's chances of joining the global core are sound, they are not outstanding; in addition, it faces mounting challenges, internal and external alike. The argument is presented in the framework of dynamic-strategy theory, which is expounded here in novel form. This exposition includes a wide ranging survey of global history, with a focus on the development of the industrialisation paths of the major economies of today, including a detailed study of Japan's long-run strategic pathway.

A country's culture influences its economic growth, which in turn influences its international position. Confucian heritage appears to be the common factor explaining the rapid economic growth of East Asian countries, including China's meteoric rise in recent years. Ironically, Confucianism has been criticized not too long ago for hindering progress in these countries. At the same time, Protestant countries, once the vanguards of economic development, have seen weak growth., These developed economies are undergoing a cultural transformation from an emphasis on materialist concerns to postmaterialist ones.

Decarbonisation is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions using low carbon power sources, lowering output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. This is essential to meet global temperature standards set by international climate agreements. To limit global warming to 1.5°C, hence avoiding the worst-case scenarios predicted by climate science, the world economy must rapidly reduce its emissions and reach climate neutrality within the next three decades. This will not be an easy journey. Shifting away from carbon-intensive production will require a historic transformation of the structure of our economies.

An accessible introduction to the core topics in the field. Intended for those with little or no background in the subject, it provides the reader with a solid foundation of the basic principles of microeconomics and establishes a framework for further study. Topics in the book cover the most important areas in microeconomics, including supply and demand, consumer choice, elasticity, market failure and the role of government, production and cost, perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, the labor market, and capital and financial markets. Applications that are relevant for contemporary study of the field are also included.

Introductory Microeconomics explains the basic principles of microeconomics, producer and consumer choices, resource markets, and government policies. The book describes the economics of exchange, such as the role of economic growth, factors that determine the amount and types of exchange, the supply and demand model of market operations, price setting, price changes, and the impact of one market on other markets.

When it comes to making this complex topic easy to grasp, "Economics DeMYSTiFieD" corners the market. This fast and easy guide features: Expert overviews of key topics, including supply and demand, macro- and microeconomics, consumer price index, and monetary policy; Chapter-ending quizzes and a final exam for charting your progress; Math equations you can work out to bolster your comprehension; Special-focus chapters on the environment, healthcare, and insurance.

Introductory Economics: A Textbook for Class XII deals with fundamentals of Micro and Macroeconomics for the beginners as per the new syllabus issued by NBSE and CBSE. Part-A of the book deals with Microeconomics containing five units and Part-B contains another six units explaining the basics of Macroeconomics. A total of eleven units have been suitably divided into twenty seven chapters