Bills are introduced in each congress and designated by the chamber of origin. HR 1014 and S 596 are examples of the numerical designation. Bills are normally numbered consecutively in the order in which they are introduced. However, the leadership may hold numbers for specific legislation. This usually happens for symbolic purposes, such as holding bill number 1 for centerpiece legislation. If a bill is not passed into law in the congress in which it was introduced, it dies and must be re-introduced in the next congress to be considered again. Not every piece of legislation introduced is considered. Approximately 90% of all bills die without any significant action by congress.
Congressional Bills are legislative proposals from the House of Representative & the Senate within the U.S. Congress (Available via GovInfo.Gov (103rd Congress 1993-1994)). There are 8 different types of bills (see About Congressional Bills. via the GovInfo.gov website). There are numerous different bill versions that track a bill through the legislative process from introduction through passage by both chambers (enrolled version).
The full text of bills and amendments are available on Congress.gov - bill summary and status are on Congress.gov back to the 93rd congress (approximately 1973) - when searching for bills an Advanced Search is recommended on Congress.gov.
The Congressional Research Service published the Digest of Public General Bills and Resolutions, which contained synopses of bills in numerical order for a particular congress (however, this title ceased publication during the 101st Congress). Most libraries have archives of bills for past congresses on microfilm.